For generations, the family members of James Garfield spoke proudly about his extraordinary achievements but seldom discussed his violent end. “We knew what had happened, that he was gunned down in a train station,” notes one of his living relatives. “We studied the story in publications but, for various reasons, we just passed over it quickly.”
This changed in 2011 with the release of a historical book, which sparked curiosity in Garfield's cut-short presidency. This work has now led to a Netflix drama titled the historical drama, featuring an acclaimed actor as the national leader and his co-star as the unstable individual who assassinated him.
The series aims to illuminate Garfield, who came from humble beginnings to the presidency during the Gilded Age only to succumb to its deep political rifts. His time in office was cut short after only 200 days not only by the gunman's shot but by physician mistakes – an event now frequently ignored while the killings of the Civil War president and President Kennedy continue to intrigue the public.
“You can't help but be proud what he did. He was like a multi-threat: he was a legal professional, he was a minister, he was a farmer. He was multiple professions which also formed his character and his approach and everything that we know about him the descendants preserve with us.”
Garfield was the last president coming from pioneer roots in the Midwest in 1831. His father died when he was 18 months old, leaving his mother, Eliza, to raise five children in challenging conditions. An insatiable reader, Garfield found employment on vessels to earn money for an education.
He learned legal principles, was entered the clergy, became leader of an institution in Ohio and was a state senator. In 1858 he entered matrimony with a educational contemporary, his future wife, with whom he would have a large family. An passionate nationalist, Garfield viewed the civil war as a holy crusade against slavery and advanced to the military position.
“As I studied his life, I found it incredible. He was exceptionally intelligent. He was incredibly brave. He was ahead of his time for the time. He was caring. He was a decent human being and would have been a remarkable commander-in-chief had he remained alive.”
Garfield was encouraged by President Lincoln to depart military life when he was selected to the legislative branch, where he would work as a party member for multiple terms. He was strong supporter of black suffrage, viewing it as a matter of justice and the realization of a military promise.
“The address he delivered on the legislative arena will tear your heart out. He was an impressive communicator and this topic was extremely significant to him.”
At the 1880 Republican National Convention in Chicago the party was sharply split between the “Stalwarts”, led by a powerful politician, who supported a third term for military hero, and the “Half-Breeds”, who supported political contender. Garfield attended as a supporter of his friend and fellow Ohioan John Sherman.
When the huge assembly was stalled between Grant and Blaine, party members began seeking a solution. Garfield's impassioned speech supporting Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly exclaimed, “And now, gentlemen of the convention, what do we want?” to which a attendee unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the 36th ballot, a wave of backers made Garfield the unexpected candidate. To appease the Stalwart faction, another politician, a Conkling loyalist from New York, was chosen as his second in command. In the national vote Garfield overcame the opposing candidate to become the only sitting member of the House ever to be chosen as leader.
“What would have made Garfield great and what is extremely rare and maybe special for the American presidency is he wasn't seeking the position. It's not that he had entirely ignored the possibility but he was pushed toward it.”
The major battle of Garfield's short presidency was his confrontation with Conkling over the “patronage network”. Conkling required power over government appointments in New York, particularly the powerful and lucrative post of customs official. Garfield declined, stating the issue was “concerning if the national leader becomes registering clerk of the senate or the nation's leader”. He nominated a opponent of Conkling to the post.
The conflict escalated into a open fight but Garfield outmaneuvered Conkling in the Senate. Confronting a public failure, Conkling and his colleague left their positions in protest. The next day, Garfield's selection was ratified. It was a historic triumph for the presidential control over the political organization and for the cause of reform over “boss rule”.
But even as Garfield battled the titans of his party, he was being stalked by a psychologically troubled person who exemplified the dark side of the spoils network. Charles Guiteau was a drifter with a background of career disappointments, emotional issues and physical and psychological abuse. He had been unsuccessful as a attorney, bill collector, minister and member of a alternative community.
“He was psychologically disturbed and his specific type of insanity was fantasy. He always believed that religious calling for importance. He actually had superior economic background than Garfield but where Garfield succeeded and advanced, Guiteau was unsuccessful in all endeavors.”
But Guiteau believed he had at last discovered a way to accomplishment: politics. Caught up in the drama of the political contest, he prepared and gave an unimportant address, and became certain in his thoughts that he was solely accountable for Garfield's victory.
Under this thinking, Guiteau reckoned he had merited a high-level government job. He travelled to Washington and relentlessly pestered Garfield, Blaine and other leaders, demanding to be made the foreign service officer — a position for which he had zero qualifications. He became such a nuisance that he was eventually excluded from the White House.
On the tragic date, just a short time into his presidency, Garfield was leaving Washington for his college reunion. As he walked through the train depot, Guiteau emerged from hiding, withdrew an handgun from his coat pocket and assassinated the leader in the back.
Garfield cried out: “What's happening?” and fell on the waiting area. When a {police officer|law